In this presentation, I use the sport of Athletics (Track and Field) as a case study to explore changes in the opportunities for women and men at the Olympic Games from the beginning of the modern Olympic Games. The International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) is one of the strongest and most influential International Sport Federations, and its athletes comprise a significant proportion of the Olympic Programme (the IAAF had a total athlete quota of 2005 athletes for Rio 2016). An in-depth exploration of one sport allows for the identification of trends over time, as well an exploration of what kinds of policies (IOC, IAAF, or others) and social conditions may have the most influence on changes to the Olympic Programme. Conducting both quantitative and qualitative analysis avoids reproducing the “inclusion narratives” that are common in accounts of Olympic history: “A problem with this is that the ‘historic moment’ of the inclusion of a specific event (usually for women) is seen as an end point, it is often implied in such narratives that getting in, is enough” (McLachlan, 2016: 471). Simply being there – women having the opportunity to participate in Olympic events – is not an adequate indicator of gender equality at the Olympic Games.